باب {وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا}"...And you shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who received the Scripture before you (Jews and Christians) and from those who ascribe partners to Allāh.. ." (V.3:186)
English Translation Narrated Usama bin Zaid:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) rode a donkey, equipped with a thick cloth-covering made in Fadak and was riding
behind him. He was going to pay visit to Sa`d bin Ubada in Banu Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj; and this
incident happened before the battle of Badr. The Prophet (ﷺ) passed by a gathering in which `Abdullah
bin Ubai bin Salul was present, and that was before `Abdullah bin Ubai embraced Islam. Behold in
that gathering there were people of different religions: there were Muslims, pagans, idol-worshippers
and Jews, and in that gathering `Abdullah bin Rawaha was also present. When a cloud of dust raised
by the donkey reached that gathering, `Abdullah bin Ubai covered his nose with his garment and then
said, "Do not cover us with dust." Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) greeted them and stopped and dismounted and
invited them to Allah (i.e. to embrace Islam) and recited to them the Holy Qur'an. On that, `Abdullah
bin Ubai bin Saluil said, "O man ! There is nothing better than that what you say. If it is the truth, then
do not trouble us with it in our gatherings. Return to your mount (or residence) and if somebody
comes to you, relate (your tales) to him." On that `Abdullah bin Rawaha said, "Yes, O Allah's
Apostle! Bring it (i.e. what you want to say) to us in our gathering, for we love that."
So the Muslims, the pagans and the Jews started abusing one another till they were on the point of
fighting with one another. The Prophet (ﷺ) kept on quietening them till they became quiet, whereupon the
Prophet rode his animal (mount) and proceeded till he entered upon Sa`d bin Ubada. The Prophet (ﷺ) said
to Sa`d, "Did you not hear what 'Abu Hub-b said?" He meant `Abdullah bin Ubai. "He said so-andso."
On that Sa`d bin Ubada said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Excuse and forgive him, for by Him Who
revealed the Book to you, Allah brought the Truth which was sent to you at the time when the people
of this town (i.e. Medina) had decided unanimously to crown him and tie a turban on his head
(electing him as chief). But when Allah opposed that (decision) through the Truth which Allah gave to
you, he (i.e. `Abdullah bin Ubai) was grieved with jealously. and that caused him to do what you have
seen." So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) excused him, for the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions used to forgive the pagans
and the people of Scripture as Allah had ordered them, and they used to put up with their mischief
with patience. Allah said: "And you shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who
received the Scripture before you and from the pagans........'(3.186) And Allah also said:--"Many of
the people of the Scripture wish if they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed,
from selfish envy.." (2.109)
So the Prophet (ﷺ) used to stick to the principle of forgiveness for them as long as Allah ordered him to do
so till Allah permitted fighting them. So when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) fought the battle of Badr and Allah
killed the nobles of Quraish infidels through him, Ibn Ubai bin Salul and the pagans and idolaters who
were with him, said, "This matter (i.e. Islam) has appeared (i.e. became victorious)." So they gave the
pledge of allegiance (for embracing Islam) to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and became Muslims.
📚 التخريج و شرح الألفاظ
(فدكية) أي من صنع فدك وهي بلدة مشهورة على مرحلتين من المدينة. (عجاجة) غبار. (خمر) غطى. (رحلك) منزلك. (فاغشنا) فأتنا. (فاستب. . ) شتم كل فريق غيره ووصفه بما يعيبه. (يتثاورون) يتقاتلون. (البحيرة) يريد المدينة والبحيرة تصغير البحرة وهي تطلق على الأرض والبلد والبحار والقرى. (يتوجوه) يجعلوا على رأسه تاجا ليكون ملكا عليهم. (فيعصبوه بالعصابة) يعمموه بعمامة الملوك. (شرق) غص. (بذلك) بما أتى به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. (الآية) / آل عمران 186 /. وتتمتها {وإن تصبروا وتتقوا فإن ذلك من عزم الأمور. . }. (تصبروا) على أذاهم. (تتقوا) تلتزموا شرع الله تعالى وتحذروا معصيته بالالتفات لما يدعوكم إليه أعداء دينه. (عزم الأمور) هي ما يجب التصميم عليه من الأمور ولا ينبغي لعاقل تركه والتزامه يدل على صواب التدبير والرشد فيه. (حسدا) يحسدونكم حسدا ويتمنون زوال نعمة الإيمان عنكم. (آخر الآية) وهو {من بعد ما تبين لهم الحق فاعفوا واصفحوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره إن الله على كل شيء قدير. . } / البقرة 109 /. (بأمره) بالإذن بقتالهم. (يتأول العفو) يفسر العفو بما أمر الله به من الصبر والاحتمال قبل الإذن بالقتال. (أذن الله فيهم) أي في قتالهم وترك العفو إجمالا بترك القتال. (توجه) ظهر وجهه وأنه ثابت مستقر